[Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). " Wakasa" in .] Wakasa bordered on Echizen Province, Ōmi, Tanba Province, Tango Province, and Yamashiro Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form name was 若州. Under the Engishiki classification system, Wakasa was ranked as a "medium country" (中国) and a near country (近国) in terms of its importance and distance from the capital.
History
Ancient and classical Wakasa
Wakasa existed as a political entity before the
Ritsuryō system and the implementation of the Taihō Code of the
Nara period. Wooden shipping tags labelled "Wakasa" have been found in the ruins of Fujiwara-kyō. Per the
Nihon Shoki, ancient Wakasa was governed by a Kuni no miyatsuko, who was a descendant of
Amenohiboko, a semi-legendary prince of
Silla, who settled in
Tajima province during the reign of
Emperor Suinin. There are archaeological indications that Wakasa was under control of the
Yamato state from the mid-4th century. The province of Wakasa was formally established with the creation of the
Ritsuryō provincial system around 701 AD, and initially consisted of the two districts of Onyū and Mikata. In 825 AD, Ōi was separated from Onyū.
During the Nara and , Wakasa was an important source of sea products (salt, fish and konbu) to the aristocracy of the capital, so much so that the province was nicknamed Miketsu-no-kuni. Salt production was especially and important industry. Wakasa was also a strategically important province due to its seaport on the Sea of Japan and was the closest ocean harbour to Kyoto .
The exact location of the Kokufu of Wakasa is unknown, but is believed to have been in what is now the city of Obama. The Wakasa Kokubun-ji and the ichinomiya of Wakasa, the Wakasahiko Shrine are also located in Obama.
Medieval and pre-modern Wakasa
Due to its location and strategic importance, during the
Kamakura period, the position of
shugo of Wakasa Province was retained directly by the Hōjō clan. After the start of the
Muromachi period, the
shugo of Wakasa was held by the
Shiba clan, followed by the
Isshiki clan, and then by a cadet branch of the
Takeda clan. During the
Sengoku period, the Takeda clan were powerful supporters of the Ashikaga shogunate and their
kanrei, the
Hosokawa clan. However, when the Takeda clan erupted into a civil war over an internal succession dispute, the
Asakura clan from neighbouring Echizen Province asserted control. The Asakura were in turn destroyed by
Oda Nobunaga. The province was the briefly held by
Niwa Nagahide, and under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi by Yamauchi Kazutoyo.
Following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu assigned the province to Kyōgoku Takatsugu, as daimyō of the 92,000 koku Obama Domain. Kyōgoku Takatsugu began the construction of Obama Castle and rebuilt the ancient port town as a jōkamachi and a centre for the kitamaebune coastal trade network. The Kyōgoku clan were transferred to Izumo Province in 1634 and were replaced by Sakai Tadakatsu, an important retainer of the shogunate, who had served as Tairō under shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu and Tokugawa Ietsuna. The Sakai clan continued to rule Obama for fourteen generations over 237 years to the end of the Edo period.
Meiji period and beyond
During the
Bakumatsu period, Obama Domain initially supported the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1865, the domain executed
Mito rebellion leader Takeda Kōunsai and 353 of his followers and nominally participated in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi of the
Boshin War. However, seeing that the shogunate was doomed,
Sakai Tadaaki came out of retirement to seize control of the domain from his adopted son and defected to the imperial cause. Consequently, he was appointed imperial governor of Wakasa by the new
Meiji government until the abolition of the han system in 1871.
At the end of 1871, Wakasa was joined by Tsuruga District, Imadate District and Nanjō District to form "Tsuruga Prefecture". In 1876, Tsuruga Prefecture was divided, with former Wakasa and Tsuruga District joining Shiga Prefecture. In 1881, these area were given to Fukui Prefecture, which then assumed its present borders. Due to geography and these political changes, the area of former Wakasa Province and Tsuruga District have a separate identity, and form the 嶺南 region of modern Fukui.
Historical districts
Wakasa Province consisted of three districts:
-
Fukui Prefecture
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Mikata District (三方郡)
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Ōi District (大飯郡)
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Onyū District (遠敷郡) - dissolved
Bakumatsu period domains
Notes
External links
